Maturity onset diabetes of the young: current trends and concepts

Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 6th International Medical Congress for Students and Young DoctorsIntroduction: Diabetes is a worldwide problem with polygenic etiology and high rate of mortality and morbidity. By 2030 the number of individuals with diabetes worldwide may rise to 472 million. Eighty per cent of them will be in low and middle income countries. In some of these countries diabetic drugs and insulin are inaccessible or rather expensive which eventually affect the whole healthcare system. Nevertheless 10% of patients with type 1 and 5% of patients with type 2 diabetes have a monogenic form of this disease. Materials and methods: We studies a case series of patients with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) with the review of the literature of the last 10 years using PubMed and Scopus. Discussion results: Nationwide studies show that the prevalence of MODY ranges from about 1% to 35% of all diabetes mellitus cases. Current data describes 11 types of MODY. The most frequent are MODY 1, 2 and 3. To date, several transcriptional factors and an enzyme are Associated with MODY. There are several characteristic traits that may help to diagnose the disease without molecular methods. Such include diabetes diagnosed before 45 years, negative β-cell antibodies, less than 30 years of age, no insulin resistance, family history of diabetes, detectable C-peptide more than 0,2 nmol/l outside the honeymoon period, GST more than 0.2 nmol/l. Conclusion: In Republic of Moldova there are approximately 80 thousand diabetic patients, which mean that they represent somewhere 50% of the endocrine diseases. Some of these patients may have MODY diabetes which requires different treatment options and has a better clinical prognosis then type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Key Words: monogenic forms of diabetes, HNF-4a, GCK, HNF-1a

Renal vascularization: desciptive study using angiogrphy and dissection

Department of Human Anatomy. Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. Variants of blood supply to the kidneys were always at special attention. In many aspects, the relevance of the topic can be explained by the presence of a large number of surgical and non-surgical procedures performed on this organ, the number of which continues to grow. Aim of the study. Variants of blood supply to the kidneys. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 54 kidneys that were preserved in 10% formaldehyde solution and then carefully dissected; and 94 aortograhy’s, obtained from patients, who did not suffer from any renal disease. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. One renal artery was found in 45 cases (80.1%) based on dissection and in 63 cases (67.74%) according to angiography. Two renal arteries were found in 11 cases (19.58%) according to the dissected specimens and in 30 cases (32.4%) according to the aortography data. Presegmental division of the renal artery into two branches in 3 cases (5.34%) and three branches - 2 cases (3.56%). Based on the angiography data, presegmental division into two branches was detected in 6 cases (6.45%) and in three branches in 1 case (1.08%). Extrarenal division occurred in 10 cases (17.8%). The superior polar arteries were recorded in 12 cases (21.36%) based on dissection. During angiography the superior polar arteries were in 5 cases (5.38%) and inferior polar arteries as well in 5 cases (5.38%). In comparison with arteries, variants of development of veins are much less common. Accessory right renal vein was detected in 5 cases (9.9%). Late venous confluence was in seven cases (12.46%). We also had a rare case where the adrenal vein drained directly into the upper pole of the kidney (1.78%). In one case (1.78%) we found a left renal vein, which had a retroaortic location. We also found one case (1.78%) of an additional vein on the right and an additional artery on the left. Conclusions. Based on our results renal artery variants are more frequent than venous variants. Accessory renal artery and presegmental branching are seen more often on the right side

Renal Arteries: A Morphological and Angiographic Assessment

Abstract: In comparison with other organs, variants of blood supply to the kidneys were always at special attention. In many respects, the relevance of the topic can be explained by the presence of a large number of surgical and non-surgical procedures performed on this organ, the number of which continues to grow. We therefore analyzed renal artery variations by the method of macroscopic anatomical dissection on 56 kidneys and retrospectively analyzed the data of 93 aortography performed using the Seldinger technique. In our study, one renal artery was encountered in 45 cases (80.34%) based on dissection method and in 156 cases (83.87%) based on angiography. Two renal arteries were found in 11 cases (19.64%) according to the dissection method and in 30 cases (16.13%) according to the data of the aortography. Bifurcation of the renal artery occurred in 5 cases (8.93%) and trifurcation – 2 cases (3.57%). Based on the angiography data bifurcation was detected in 16 cases (8.60%) and in trifurcation in 3 case (1.61%). Extrarenal division occurred in 10 cases (17.86%). Based on dissection method the superior polar arteries were recorded in 12 cases (21.43%). On angiographies, the superior polar arteries were encountered in 10 cases (5.38%) and inferior polar arteries – in 2 cases (1.08%). The data provided in the article can be used by specialists in urology, nephrology, vascular surgery, as well as in other therapeutic and surgical specialties

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in athletes

Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Moldov

Anemia în BPOC

Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Moldova Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, U

To sleep, or not to sleep – that is the question, for polysomnography

Dept of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Moldova, Dept of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy Copyright © 2020 by the European Respiratory Societ

Screening, Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-06-10, pub-electronic 2021-06-14Publication status: PublishedWhile molecular testing with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold-standard test for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening, more rapid or affordable molecular and antigen testing options have been developed. More affordable, point-of-care antigen testing, despite being less sensitive compared to molecular assays, might be preferable for wider screening initiatives. Simple laboratory, imaging and clinical parameters could facilitate prognostication and triage. This comprehensive review summarises current evidence on the diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests for COVID-19

Pancreas divisum: a reemerging risk factor for pancreatic diseases

Pancreas divisum (PD) is the most common developmental anatomic variant of pancreatic duct. The attention towards the PD has grown significantly since there are reports that this condition may cause acute relapsing pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and chronic abdominal pain syndrome. Furthermore, over the years, there have been multiple reports of PD associated with different types of tumors. There is evidence that PD can be associated with pancreatic tumors (up to 12.5% of cases). The golden standard for diagnosing PD is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, but since it is an invasive procedure magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with secretin is a good alternative. In case the patient is symptomatic, endoscopic or surgical treatment should be performed. This review describes the key points of the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, risks of pancreatitis and tumors, as well as treatment options of PD